Final Exam Essay

History 1040: Final Exam Cumulative Essay Questions

THE RULES:

You may bring one (1) 8 and ½ by 11 inches sheet of paper containing essay outlines into the exam with you. You MAY NOT write entire essays on that sheet, but you may write as many outlines in as much detail as you wish.

THE PROCEDURE:

Before starting the exam, you will put your name on your outline and hand it in to me. You will then complete the first four sections of the exam. Once you have completed those sections, you will hand those in and receive your outline back. You may then write the essay (the fifth exam section) on notebook paper. You supply the notebook paper.

I will not change/alter/mutilate/staple or spindle these rules. There will be no exceptions. All disputes will be adjudicated by my German Shepherd, and since I am the exalted Provider of All Milk Bones and Assorted Treats, I will win. Good Luck!

Questions

(Remember that these are cumulative. Use material from throughout the semester.)

1. Provide and explain three factors that led to the rise of Western European global dominance by 1850, and then provide and explain three factors that contributed to the loss of such dominance by 1950.

2. Has religion been more of a unifying or a dividing force in the world since 1500?

3. Find three examples of the transfer of an idea or concept or even a product from one culture or state to another since 1500 and assess the impact of such a transfer on both parties to this exchange.

Review

Review session is Friday, May 5th, at 10am in Central 218.

World War 2

World War II: The Extremes of Global Total War

Numbers
60 million global dead

Extent
theaters of war: CBI (CHINA/BURMA/INDIA)
population movements
“COMFORT WOMEN”

Violence
innovations: RADAR, decryption (ALAN TURING)
HIROSHIMA: MANHATTAN PROJECT
BLITZ and DRESDEN: fire bombing

Geopolitical Impacts
China: MAO
MARSHALL PLAN
United Nations
NATO

Culture
Adorno: “no poetry after Auschwitz”

Fascism/Holocaust

Fascism, Nazism and the Holocaust

Nazism and Anti-Semitism

1935: NUREMBURG LAWS
1938: KRISTALLNACHT (November 9-10, 1938)

Holocaust and the “Final Solution”

1939-41: Jewish “ghettoes” in Poland
January 1942: WANNSEE CONFERENCE
ADOLPH EICHMANN: the “banality of evil”
AUSCHWITZ

Great Depression contd.

Political and Economic Crises in the interwar years


(continued from previous lecture)

Fascism in Europe

What is fascism?
ideology, techniques and organization

Circumstances
WEIMAR REPUBLIC: unstable democracies

Italy
BENITO MUSSOLINI: “IL DUCE”
Fasci di Combattimento: “Band of Combat”

Germany

HITLER and NAZISM
“MEIN KAMPF” (1923)
ENABLING ACT (1933)

Great Depression

The Great Depression and the Interwar Years

Impact of war


Loss of export markets: IMPORT SUBSTITUTION
Financial costs
Britain: from creditor to debtor
1919 Versailles Conference
REPARATIONS / JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES

1924: DAWES PLAN

rise of NYC as global financial center

1929 and the Crash

Black Thursday and Black Tuesday
Global impact

Recipes for recovery?

Effort to alleviate economic stress took many forms
Britain, France and traditional economic thought

Japan: militarization and the “GREATER EAST ASIA CO-PROSPERITY SPHERE”

Mexico: nationalization: LAZARO CARDENAS (1934-40)

FDR and the NEW DEAL

What about Germany?

World War I: Global Impact

World War I: Global Impact

Revolution in Russia: Marxism-Leninism in practice

V.I. LENIN, LEON TROTSKY
Revolutions of 1917

JOSEPH STALIN and “socialism in one country”
Collectivization: KULAKS

Europe and the Arab World

SYKES-PICOT TREATY (1916)
Balfour Declaration (1917)
HASHEMITES
The Mandate System: Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Iraq, Trans-Jordan

Global War

World War I: The War to End All Wars?

Unprecedented in three aspects: scope, means and impact.

Scope: a truly global war: not just between states, but between empires
WESTERN FRONT, Atlantic Ocean, GALLIPOLI, Palestine

Battlefield and Home Front: “Total War”

Numbers: Those fighting and those who died

Means: technology, tactics and weaponry

Trench Warfare: Mud, shells and gas
U-BOATS
casualties: THE SOMME (1916)

Impact:

Political and Economic (still to come)
Social/Cultural
a literary war: WILFRED OWEN: “DULCE ET DECORUM EST”
Commemoration and Remembrance
UNKNOWN SOLDIER: John Dos Passos
KATHE KOLLWITZ

Essay assignment #2

History 1040: Paper #2
Due: 4/19 for M/W and 4/20 for T/Th class.



Please write on ONE of the following, using the documents, your textbook and your notes only. There is no need for outside sources or research. Three (3) pages maximum.


1. Read the Azamgarh Proclamation (A/O, 334-6) by the Indian rebels of 1857. What were their grievances, and what had the British done in India to provoke such a reaction?
2. Compare the Golden Dawn cigarette ad and Australian recruitment poster (A/O 375-6) to the British soldier’s journal on 378-81. What images of the First World War are presented here, and what do these items tell us about the relation ship between the home and war fronts during the conflict?
3. What do the illustrations on A/O 358-9 relay about the changes Japan experienced in the late nineteenth century?

Balances of Power, East and West

Balances of Power: East and West

Japan and the United States at the start of the 20th century

Japan

Tokugawa Shogunate: “BAFUKU”

Matthew Perry, 1853-4

Emperor MEIJI (Mutsuhito)
“MEIJI RESTORATION”

ZAIBATSU

1904-5: Japanese-Russian War

United States

1890: ALFRED THAYER MAHAN

1893: Hawaii

“JINGOISM”

THEODORE ROOSEVELT
Roosevelt Corollary
1903: Panamanian revolt
Panama Canal

Balances of Power, East and West

Balances of Power: East and West

Japan and the United States at the start of the 20th century

Japan

Tokugawa Shogunate: “BAFUKU”

Matthew Perry, 1853-4

Emperor MEIJI (Mutsuhito)
“MEIJI RESTORATION”

ZAIBATSU

1904-5: Japanese-Russian War

United States

1890: ALFRED THAYER MAHAN

1893: Hawaii

“JINGOISM”

THEODORE ROOSEVELT
Roosevelt Corollary
1903: Panamanian revolt
Panama Canal

Short essay questions

Three of these will be on the exam and you'll write on two of them.

1. What was the major difference between Owen's utopian socialism and Marx's scientific socialism?

2. Name three technological/medical changes that allowed European colonization of Africa in the late 1800s. Which was most important and why?

3. Why did Rammohun Roy found the Brahmo Samaj?

4. How did Social Darwinist ideas affect public policy in the United States in the early twentieth century?

5. What was life like for industrial workers in the new manufacturing cities of the nineteenth century?

Religious revivals - 19th Century

Religious Revival in the 19th Century


Christianity and the “Modern”
“Apes versus Angels”

Pius IX: “THE SYLLABUS OF ERRORS” (1864)

continuation of anti-Semitism
POGROMS: 1866: Poland, Ukraine / 1871: Odessa

Hinduism and Colonialism in India

RAMMOHUN ROY (1772-1833)
BRAHMO SAMAJ (1828)

ARYA SAMAJ (1875)

Varieties of Islam

Ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1703-1792): WAHHABISM

Mahdi: Sudan, 1881-98

Muslim Brotherhood – Egypt

Indian Islam: SAYYID AHMED KHAN (1817-1898)
Aligarh Muslim University